DRAFT 2 - Critical Investigation

“The media has always been overwhelmingly in the hands of men”[1]

Barbara J. Berg, PhD

Author: Sexism in America

How are women represented in films such as Fast and Furious 7 and what impact might this have on wider society?

Over the years, women have faced many challenges when it comes to the issue of equality in the film industry. We struggle when it comes to being treated equally with men; they were and still are seen as the superior ones, which reinforces Berger’s quote that “Men are active and women are passive”.[2] Despite the reports and claims about the developments in equality for women over recent years big Hollywood franchise films still present numerous negative stereotypes of women. This is particularly evident in the Fast and Furious franchise films and the James Bond franchise films where the female actresses are objectified and presented as meaningless sex objects. The way that female characters are presented is simply to please the male eye both in the characters and in the male audience. Although, these two franchises are not the only film culprits who have represented the female actors in this way. Another example of a film that represents women as meaningless sex objects although not a franchise would be ‘The Wolf of Wall Street’ (2013) directed by Martin Scorsese[3].

However, these negative stereotypes do not just exist when it comes to gender representations they also exist in regards to pay gaps, health and wellbeing and sexualisation of women. This essay will explore what impact the representation of women in films like Fast and Furious 7 has and continues to have on wider society. 

Fast and Furious 7 objectifies females on multiple occasions throughout the film to attend to pleasing the male eye. For instance, in the Race Wars scene[4] where Dom is attempting to trigger past thoughts in Letty’s memory before her accident there are many females, in bikini’s pole dancing and washing cars. These females are presented in such a way that they are just meaningless sex objects for the males to look at. Such is evident as when Dom and Letty pull into Race Wars the females in bikinis washing the cars almost immediately seem to grab Dom’s attention.  In this particular snippet from the film the deliberate use of a point of view shot, gives the audience the view that Dom is seeing from his car and allows for the male portion of the audience to appreciate the female body as he does. The representation of the female characters in this scene reinforces a point that Mulvey made which is that female characters have “no importance in a film, except as a spectacle”. [5]

On the other hand, the objectification of females and the quote that “Often the female characters function only to serve the male lead”[6]  in Fast and Furious 7 could be challenged in the fight scene[7] with Letty Ortiz and Ronda Rousey in Abu Dhabi at the party. This is because Ronda Rousey and Michelle Rodriguez both play important characters in the film; Ronda Rousey for example is the Head of Security at the Abu Dhabi party. Not only this, but a fight scene between two women is not a typical scene to have in action films as men normally take up such a role to defend their position in the community or protect their female counterparts who are presented as the inferior individual of the two characters.      

Another way in which Fast and Furious 7 objectifies females to satisfy the heterosexual male view would be again at the Abu Dhabi party. During the scenes at the party, the female main cast and female extras are objectified on multiple occasions, for instance there are many medium to close up shots where the camera focuses specifically on the female form. One scene, in particular where the females are presented as meaningless sex objects and inferior to the male would be when Roman is distracting the guests at the party and makes reference to Jasmine’s form saying ‘... looks like you got some missiles underneath that dress’.[8]  This scene, is filmed as  a point of view shot as with the Race Wars scene and again allows the audience to appreciate the female body in the same way that the characters do, particularly as she is scantily clad in a figure hugging dress with a large cut out around the bust area.    

There have been many debates surrounding whether the objectification of females is the reason for films financial success. In my opinion, the objectification of females does contribute to the financial success of films but so does the objectification of male characters.  Objectification of females has become ‘growing concern worldwide’[9] and definitely been heavily debated topic for many years. One example dates back to 2001 with the creation of the first film in the Fast and Furious franchise, The Fast and The Furious. The example, links to what Berger said which is that ‘men act and women appear’. [10] The men in the film Vin Diesel, Late Paul Walker and more act in the film racing and taking charge of situations etc. Whereas the women are just appearing for the men’s pleasure in bikini’s and tight figure hugging clothes.   However, in recent years many would argue that “men are now objectified more than women are both in film and TV”[11]. One example in TV would be in EastEnders, when “...Peter Beale paraded about inexplicably and gratuitously topless, to the delight of the female and gay tranche on Twitter”. [12]  Then an example in film would be in ‘Magic Mike XXL’ with “whipping boy Jamie Dornan, the latter a male stripper exposé starring Channing Tatum’s abs”; such flicks are said to have granted a nationwide pass stamped ‘permission to perv: granted’ ”. [13]

With this in mind, overall the objectification of females and males does contribute to the financial success of films. This is because we as human beings feel affection for the people on screen “we enjoy watching them” and cannot refuse the chance to see them in the cinema. “At the movies we want a different kind of truth, something that surprises us and registers with us as funny or accurate or maybe amazing, maybe even amazingly beautiful”. [14] Given this, need to want to see something amazingly beautiful we enjoy watching the beauty of the male and female body and following their journey through the film. This means that we usually pay the money to go and see in the film at the cinema. The money we pay is then counted in the films overall box office takings from everywhere it is shown and totalled up to find films financial success from which I believe a large part of the money is as a result of the objectification of the characters.

Between 2001, when the first film’ The Fast and The Furious’ [15]in the Fast and Furious franchise was created and the production of ‘Fast and Furious 7 in 2015’[16] there have been many differences and similarities surrounding the topic of female objectification. A similarity between the two films that challenges female objectification would be with Michelle Rodriguez character (Letty) who throughout the franchise is an important part of the team and presented as her own person, she is not undermined by her male counterparts such as Vin Diesel (Dom Toretto) who is a very prominent character as the head of team/family. Rodriguez’s character challenges the point that Dr Martha Lauzen (Exec. Director of Center for Study of women in film and TV at San Diego State University) makes saying that females are “rarely portrayed as formal leaders“[17]. Females being such a recognized part of a film, particularly in the action genre and remaining in an important part in films that might follow is extremely rare; sometimes women are just used for the one film and then not seen again in such an important role in sequels if there is one. 

Moreover, another similarity between the two films that reinforces female objectification is at each of the race scenes in both films where females begin the races in not much else other than a bikini or tight vest top and short skirt. The females are “subjected to the gaze of the (male) audience”[18] and characters. Another example, reinforcing female objectification and negative stereotypes of females would be the domestic life that Jordana Brewster’s character (Mia) assumes, however in the seventh film she does have a young child with Brian to look after.

A difference between the two films and the franchise as a whole that shows the improvements made on the topic of female objectification would be with the presence of more female characters in the “action packed heist sequences”[19] .  They take charge of the situations in Fast and Furious 7 for example; Letty was involved in the high-speed car chase when the people in control of God’s Eye were attacking them. Whereas, previously in the first films of the franchise this type of a role would have been filled by a male character while the female took a back seat such as being at command base for the team. Another difference between the two films is that in the first film a character like Ramsey that the team need something from would just have been used and cared about until the team got what they needed and then binned off but Ramsey in Fast and Furious 7 has a spoken role.

Despite the improvements made in films with the way in which females are objectified the impact that the objectification has on the audience has never really been discussed. The directors of these films that objectify females fail to realize what damage-representing women in this way can do to the people watching their creations on the other side of the camera (the audience). The directors are happy as long as the films are received well by us (the audience) at the release and thereafter during their run in the cinema; as long as the film does well at the box office nothing else seems to matter. Women in films both non franchise and franchise films and even outside of the film industry are shown as having a perfect body, “Jutting collar bones, ­Twiglet legs and razor-sharp cheek bones”[20]  typically these are all signs of a person losing too much weight or suffering from a medical weight related problem. This representation of women on screen, in magazines etc is having a very big impact on women’s health and until very recently this issue was always dismissed.

Females are said to idolize their favourite celebrities and eventually want to look like them. Nowadays, it is hard to imagine a celebrity not being incredibly skinny “So much so that women and children not only view skeletal frames as normal, but as something, they wish to emulate.”¹⁰ Such representations of celebrities has led to an “80 per cent rise in young girls being hospitalised with ­anorexia in the past ten years”[21]^. An example, from Fast and Furious 7, is with Jordana Brewster’s character Mia and Michelle Rodriguez character Letty who are incredibly skinny on screen and off and those who idolize these actresses aspire to be like them in the way they look and dress without realizing what that can do to their health. This is because nowadays there is so much “pressure on young girls today to look a certain way, be a certain weight and copy the perfection they see on the cover of magazines and online”[22]. When looking at the actresses on screen our “Medial prefrontal cortex (the front part of the brain linked with strong emotions such as unhappiness)”[23]is making girls feel unhappy and disappointed about the way that they look because they are not as skinny.  

In recent years, it has been argued that men are now objectified more than women are. However, the interest fact is that this idolization and need to want to look like celebrities we idolize does not happen in males. “These neurological changes occur in women, they do not in men”[24]^. Men watch ‘Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson’[25] who is an incredibly muscly individual due to his wrestling career partially and him as an individual keeping his health up to scratch, in films such as the recent instalments in the Fast and Furious franchise but they do not aspire to be like him. This presents the simple question of ‘Why?’ men do not aspire to be like the actors they see on screen as females do.

Although this debate, has previously been dismissed recently a few celebrities have spoken up about their views towards the issue primarily surrounding the pay gap between males and females.  There are many celebrities that have spoken out about their opinions towards the debate; namely Jennifer Lawrence best known as ‘Katniss Everdeen’[26] in The Hunger Games and Michelle Rodriguez best known for her role as Letty Ortiz in the Fast and Furious Film Franchise.  I believe that among the celebrities who have spoken up Jennifer Lawrence hit our hardest against the pay gap when she became aware through the ‘Sony Pictures hack in 2014 by a group called Guardians of Peace’^[27] that “She was paid seven ‘points’ (7% of the profits), as opposed to the 9% her male co-stars such as ‘Bradley Cooper’[28] and director David O Russell received”[29] for American Hustle. However, she has said, “I didn’t get mad at Sony” she writes, “I got mad at myself. I failed as a negotiator because I gave up early. I did not want to keep fighting over millions of dollars”.[30]

Another individual that has voiced and continues to voice their concerns about the way in which women are perceived in Hollywood is The Fast And Furious franchise’s main female character Michelle Rodriguez. Michelle stated in an interview with NJ.com “I’m really picky about the parts I choose. I can’t be the slut. I cannot be just the girlfriend. I can’t be the girl who gets empowered because she’s been raped. I can’t be the girl who gets empowered and then dies”. She does not let allow the heavyweights of Hollywood to influence her decisions as to what roles she takes on. The article by The Guardian newspaper then goes on to say “... Michelle is not malleable; you’re not going to influence her by shining fame and money at her”.[31]

In my opinion, men are definitely paid more than women are in films. I think the reasons behind this gender pay gap that women are experiencing is the same as the one being faced by women outside of the film industry. The reason is simple; women are seen as second best, they are perceived to be ‘delicate and fragile’[32] and only capable of ‘raising kids, cooking and cleaning’[33]. In film specifically, it appears to come down to industry experience but the experience label only seems to apply between males and females not when it’s males VS males.  Take Arnold Schwarzenegger he is ‘69 years of age’[34] and has almost double the amount of experience that Channing Tatum has but they both are likely to still get the same percentage of shares in the films profits that they are in. However, ‘Mila Kunis’[35] who is only 2 years younger than Channing Tatum, but highly likely to have the same amount of experience would probably be paid at least 4% less than Channing Tatum if they were in the same movie.

Dramatic changes have been made over the years surrounding the representation of women in films, which challenge old and tired stereotypes, for instance females always being cast as “The damsel in distress, a broken woman with a troubled past and/or dark secret is completely lost until she is often saved by an often shirtless male”.[36]Changes have also happened off screen for example claims of improvements to the gender pay gap between males and females.  However, I believe that there is stillroom for improvement so that men and women can work on completely the same level. 

One  film franchise already in the market that is evidence of challenging the old and tired stereotypes of women in film is The Hunger Games, “Characters like Katiness Everdeen are changing girlhood and challenging tired stereotypes by not waiting for some guy to save the day: They’re saving themselves and their worlds, too”[37]. In regards, too off screen and the gender pay gap improvements have been made with the likes of Jennifer Lawrence becoming one of the many highest paid actresses earning “$46 million”[38] over the course of 2016 and individual film salaries for the likes of “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire being  $10m.”[39]  However, such improvements have not just come from directors handing out such large figures on a plate actresses have had to take a stand and fight for an equal pay to their male counterparts. One actress that has spoken out about the inequality is Jennifer Lawrence quoting “She earned considerably less than her male co-stars in American Hustle, despite her major role in the film and bankable status as a Hollywood A-lister and Oscar winner”.[40] Jennifer Lawrence then went on to say “... I found out how much less I was being paid than the lucky people with dicks...”[41]

In the future, ‘I don’t think Hollywood is going to change until someone twists their arm.’[42], to rethink the representation of females both on screen and off unless women take a stand against the way they are being treated; at the moment social media is playing a big part in females taking a stand it has ‘…a significant role in enabling women to air their grievances’[43]. An example of social media’s part in allowing females to take a stand would be the ‘Everyday Sexism Project’  set up by Laura Bates, which was said to be ‘one of the most high-visibility feminist digital campaigns, arguably due to UGC’[44] and its strategic use of its twitter feed handle ‘#EverydaySexism’[45] and is still running strong today.

Overall, I feel that the objectification of females affects the wider society heavily both in the short term and in the long term respectively. In the short term women see no harm to showing how much they love their favourite celebrities and watching them on screen. However, in the long term such idolization of their favourite celebrities can have long term affects on women’s health and wellbeing. For example, somebody may really enjoy watching Jordana Brewster (Mia – Fast & Furious 7) on screen and see nothing wrong with it but over time they will begin to analyse Jordana more deeply and begin to feel depreciative of their own looks and desperately wanting to change to become skinner or look like Jordana. When we get to this stage, we would think nothing is wrong on the surface but a lot of women hide it, but one quote that must be remembered said by Cameron Russell a model is ‘Looks aren’t everything. Believe me, I’m a model’[46]. In 2011, statistics in a survey from the USA showed that ‘53% of 13 year old American girls unhappy with their bodies, this grows to 78% by the time they are 17.(Maine, 2011)’[47]. While in the UK, ‘Only 3% of women in the UK are totally happy with their body and 73% think about their size or shape every single day’[48]. This numbers are shocking and desperately need to be reduced and I believe that the first port of call to make this happen is with Hollywood films both franchises and non franchises.

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[1] (Kate, 2013)

[2] (N.Lacey, 2010, pp. 65-67)

[3] (M.Scorsese, 2013)

[4] (tube, 2016)

[5] (D.Gauntlett, 2008, p. 41)

[6] (OnePoll, 2015)

[7] (R.Hollander, 2016)

[8] (J.Wan, 2015)

[9] (Dr S Smith, pp. 8-10)

[10] (R.White, 2010)

[11] (M.Daubney, 2015)

[12] ibid

[13] ibid

[14] (P.Kael, 2001)

[15] (The Fast And The Furious) - IMDB

[16] (Fast And Furious 7) – IMDB

[17] (J.N.Murphy, 2015, p. 8)

[18] (L.V.Zoonen, 1994, p. 88)

[19] (J.Emmanuele, 2015)

[20] (Dr.A.Sigman, 2010)

[21] Ibid

[22] (OnePoll, 2015)

[23]^{(Dr.A.Sigman, 2010)}

[24] Ibid

[25] (D Johnson, 2017)

[26] (J.Lawerence, 2017)

[27]^{(Sony Entertainments Hack, 2017)}

[28] (D.Russell, 2013)

[29] (A.Needham, 2014)

[30] (C.Wareing, 2015)

[31] (B.Lee, 2015)

[32] (K.Marusic, 2016)

[33] ibid

[34] (A.Schwarzenegger)

[35] (M.Kunis, 2017)

[36] (A.Underhill, 2010)

[37] (Scott, 2014)

[38] (E.Khan)

[39] (A.Adejobi, 2015)

[40] (N.M.Smith, 2015)

[41] Ibid

[42] (R.Setoodeh, 2015)

[43] ibid

[44] (C.Gray, 2016, p. 66)

[45] ibid

[46] (C.Russell, 2013)

[47] ibid

[48] (MO.Reporter)